Short, practical, and every one of them names where it comes from. These are pointers to the official page, not legal advice; the page is the authority.
If a skip is going on a road or pavement rather than the customer's drive, the council has to license it, and the licence is usually arranged through the skip company. Ask the customer where it will sit before you price the skip.
Source: GOV.UK - Skip hire licence
Taking the rubble to the tip in the van is 'carrying waste'. Check your registration, and check the registration of anyone who takes waste away for you; the duty of care follows the waste.
Source: GOV.UK - Register as a waste carrier, broker or dealer
Toilets, washing facilities, drinking water, somewhere to rest and eat and to change: the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations put the duty on the contractor from the first day, including domestic jobs. The customer can let you use theirs, but the duty does not move.
Source: HSE - Construction welfare
On a domestic job the client's duties normally pass to the contractor (or the principal contractor where there is more than one). Know which you are before you start, and plan the work in writing on anything beyond the trivial.
Source: HSE - CDM 2015: domestic clients
Cutting into a party wall, building on the boundary or excavating near a neighbour's foundations are covered by the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. The notice is the owner's to serve, but the builder is the one who gets stopped if it was not.
Structural alterations, extensions, new drainage, replacing windows, electrical and heating work in many cases: the approval route and the certificate at the end are part of the job, and the customer will ask for the paperwork when they sell.
Most work is standard-rated; some conversions, renovations of long-empty homes and energy-saving installations qualify for a reduced or zero rate under strict conditions. The rate is decided by the rules for that job, not by habit.
Source: GOV.UK - Buildings and construction (VAT Notice 708)
Driving within the zone during charging hours costs a daily charge per vehicle, and paying late costs more. Price it per chargeable day for the job, and check the exact boundary on TfL's postcode checker rather than guessing from the area.
Source: TfL - Congestion Charge
The Ultra Low Emission Zone runs across every London borough. A compliant vehicle pays nothing; a non-compliant one pays a daily charge. Check your own registration on TfL's checker and keep the result; a make and model is not proof either way.
Source: TfL - Ultra Low Emission Zone
The Low Emission Zone applies to heavier vehicles - larger vans over 1.205 tonnes unladen, minibuses and lorries - with its own standards and daily charges. Know your vehicle's unladen weight from the V5C.
Source: TfL - Low Emission Zone
Bath, Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield and Tyneside operate zones with different classes and charges. The government's checker tells you whether a specific vehicle is charged in a specific zone.
Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee enforce their zones with penalty charge notices: a non-compliant vehicle must not enter at all. Plan the vehicle for the job, not the budget for the fine.
Source: Low Emission Zones Scotland
Dart Charge is a remote payment, not a barrier. Build the crossings into the job, pay them on time, and keep the account statement with the job's costs.
Source: GOV.UK - Pay the Dartford Crossing charge (Dart Charge)
If a job costs you 1,000 and you add 25 % markup you charge 1,250; your margin on that price is 20 %, not 25 %. Decide which number you mean before you talk to the customer, and write both down.
Nothing here is legal, tax or safety advice; the official page linked is the authority.
